Explainer: What is the Global Biodiversity Framework?

The Global Biodiversity Framework aims to protect the planet's biodiversity and is central to the upcoming COP 16 negotiations

The Framework seeks to halt biodiversity loss and promote sustainable ecosystems worldwide

• The Global Biodiversity Framework sets targets to protect global biodiversity by 2030.

• COP 16 will be key in advancing these targets and holding countries accountable.

• For India, the framework means more sustainable development, balancing biodiversity with economic growth.

The Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) was adopted at COP 15 under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). This landmark agreement sets ambitious global targets to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030. It includes goals such as protecting 30% of the planet's land and oceans and restoring ecosystems to sustainable levels. Countries are expected to implement these commitments at the national level, so COP 16 is crucial for evaluating progress and enhancing global collaboration.

The GBF is important because it represents the global community’s response to the alarming rate of biodiversity loss. Species extinction, habitat degradation, and ecosystem disruption all have severe consequences for human health, food security, and climate change. India, as one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, has a pivotal role to play in the framework. For India, the GBF could provide the impetus to strengthen its conservation efforts while pursuing sustainable development.

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Technical Focus: India’s Biodiversity

India is one of the 17 megadiverse countries, housing 7-8% of all recorded species on just 2.4% of the world's land area. India’s ecosystems range from the Himalayas to tropical forests, but they are increasingly threatened by deforestation, industrialization, and urban expansion. Under the Global Biodiversity Framework, India must scale up efforts to protect its natural habitats while balancing economic growth and human development. Initiatives like the National Biodiversity Action Plan and commitments to reforestation and afforestation will be critical to achieving the GBF’s targets.

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According to experts, COP 16 will be a major milestone for ensuring the framework’s goals are realized globally. Countries will be expected to report on their progress, and new targets might be established to address emerging biodiversity challenges. For India, this could mean doubling down on existing policies or introducing new strategies that further protect wildlife, marine ecosystems, and forests.

The Global Biodiversity Framework is a comprehensive plan to protect the planet’s ecosystems, and COP 16 will be a key platform for advancing these goals. India’s role will be instrumental, as it seeks to balance its developmental ambitions with preserving its rich biodiversity. With growing international attention, India’s commitments could safeguard its natural resources and set an example for other countries facing similar challenges.